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15 <title>Pazpar2 - User's Guide and Reference</title>
17 <firstname>Sebastian</firstname><surname>Hammer</surname>
19 <releaseinfo>&version;</releaseinfo>
21 <year>©right-year;</year>
22 <holder>Index Data</holder>
26 Pazpar2 is a high-performance, user interface-independent, data
27 model-independent metasearching
28 middleware featuring merging, relevance ranking, record sorting,
32 This document is a guide and reference to Pazpar version &version;.
37 <imagedata fileref="common/id.png" format="PNG"/>
40 <imagedata fileref="common/id.eps" format="EPS"/>
47 <chapter id="introduction">
48 <title>Introduction</title>
50 Pazpar2 is a stand-alone metasearch client with a webservice API, designed
51 to be used either from a browser-based client (JavaScript, Flash, Java,
52 etc.), from from server-side code, or any combination of the two.
53 Pazpar2 is a highly optimized client designed to
54 search many resources in parallel. It implements record merging,
55 relevance-ranking and sorting by arbitrary data content, and facet
56 analysis for browsing purposes. It is designed to be data model
57 independent, and is capable of working with MARC, DublinCore, or any
58 other XML-structured response format -- XSLT is used to normalize and extract
59 data from retrieval records for display and analysis. It can be used
60 against any server which supports the Z39.50 protocol. Proprietary
61 backend modules can be used to support a large number of other protocols
62 (please contact Index Data for further information about this).
65 Additional functionality such as
66 user management, attractive displays are expected to be implemented by
67 applications that use pazpar2. Pazpar2 is user interface independent.
68 Its functionality is exposed through a simple REST-style webservice API,
69 designed to be simple to use from an Ajax-enbled browser, Flash
70 animation, Java applet, etc., or from a higher-level server-side language
71 like PHP or Java. Because session information can be shared between
72 browser-based logic and your server-side scripting, there is tremendous
73 flexibility in how you implement your business logic on top of pazpar2.
76 Once you launch a search in pazpar2, the operation continues behind the
77 scenes. Pazpar2 connects to servers, carries out searches, and
78 retrieves, deduplicates, and stores results internally. Your application
79 code may periodically inquire about the status of an ongoing operation,
80 and ask to see records or other result set facets. Result become
81 available immediately, and it is easy to build end-user interfaces which
82 feel extremely responsive, even when searching more than 100 servers
86 Pazpar2 is designed to be highly configurable. Incoming records are
87 normalized to XML/UTF-8, and then further normalized using XSLT to a
88 simple internal representation that is suitable for analysis. By
89 providing XSLT stylesheets for different kinds of result records, you
90 can tune pazpar2 to work against different kinds of information
91 retrieval servers. Finally, metadata is extracted, in a configurable
92 way, from this internal record, to support display, merging, ranking,
93 result set facets, and sorting. Pazpar2 is not bound to a specific model
94 of metadata, such as DublinCore or MARC -- by providing the right
95 configuration, it can work with a number of different kinds of data in
96 support of many different applications.
99 Pazpar2 is designed to be efficient and scalable. You can set it up to
100 search several hundred targets in parallel, or you can use it to support
101 hundreds of concurrent users. It is implemented with the same attention
102 to performance and economy that we use in our indexing engines, so that
103 you can focus on building your application, without worrying about the
104 details of metasearch logic. You can devote all of your attention to
105 usability and let pazpar2 do what it does best -- metasearch.
108 If you wish to connect to commercial or other databases which do not
109 support open standards, please contact Index Data. We have a licensing
110 agreement with a third party vendor which will enable pazpar2 to access
111 thousands of online databases, in addition the vast number of catalogs
112 and online services that support the Z39.50 protocol.
115 Pazpar2 is our attempt to re-think the traditional paradigms for
116 implementing and deploying metasearch logic, with an uncompromising
117 approach to performance, and attempting to make maximum use of the
118 capabilities of modern browsers. The demo user interface that
119 accompanies the distribution is but one example. If you think of new
120 ways of using pazpar2, we hope you'll share them with us, and if we
121 can provide assistance with regards to training, design, programming,
122 integration with different backends, hosting, or support, please don't
123 hesitate to contact us. If you'd like to see functionality in pazpar2
124 that is not there today, please don't hesitate to contact us. It may
125 already be in our development pipeline, or there might be a
126 possibility for you to help out by sponsoring development time or
127 code. Either way, get in touch and we will give you straight answers.
133 Pazpar2 is covered by the GNU license version 2.
134 See <xref linkend="license"/> for further information.
138 <chapter id="installation">
139 <title>Installation</title>
141 Pazpar2 depends on the following tools/libraries:
143 <varlistentry><term><ulink url="&url.yaz;">YAZ</ulink></term>
146 The popular Z39.50 toolkit for the C language. YAZ must be
147 compiled with Libxml2/Libxslt support.
154 In order to compile Pazpar2 an ANSI C compiler is
155 required. The requirements should be the same as for YAZ.
158 <section id="installation.unix">
159 <title>Installation on Unix (from Source)</title>
161 Here is a quick step-by-step guide on how to compile the
162 tools that Pazpar2 uses. Only few systems have none of the required
163 tools binary packages. If, for example, Libxml2/libxslt are already
164 installed as development packages use these.
168 Ensure that the development libraries + header files are
169 available on your system before compiling Pazpar2. For installation
170 of YAZ, refer to the YAZ installation chapter.
173 gunzip -c pazpar2-version.tar.gz|tar xf -
182 <section id="installation.debian">
183 <title>Installation on Debian GNU/Linux</title>
185 All dependencies for Pazpar2 are available as
186 <ulink url="&url.debian;">Debian</ulink>
187 packages for the sarge (stable in 2005) and etch (testing in 2005)
191 The procedures for Debian based systems, such as
192 <ulink url="&url.ubuntu;">Ubuntu</ulink> is probably similar
195 apt-get install libyaz-dev
198 With these packages installed, the usual configure + make
199 procedure can be used for Pazpar2 as outlined in
200 <xref linkend="installation.unix"/>.
206 <title>Using pazpar2</title>
208 This chapter provides a general introduction to the use and deployment of pazpar2.
211 <section id="architecture">
212 <title>Pazpar2 and your systems architecture</title>
214 Pazpar2 is designed to provide asynchronous, behind-the-scenes
215 metasearching functionality to your application, exposing this
216 functionality using a simple webservice API that can be accessed
217 from any number of development environments. In particular, it is
218 possible to combine pazpar2 either with your server-side dynamic
219 website scripting, with scripting or code running in the browser, or
220 with any combination of the two. Pazpar2 is an excellent tool for
221 building advanced, Ajax-based user interfaces for metasearch
222 functionality, but it isn't a requirement -- you can choose to use
223 pazpar2 entirely as a backend to your regular server-side scripting.
224 When you do use pazpar2 in conjunction
225 with browser scripting (JavaScript/Ajax, Flash, applets, etc.), there are
226 special considerations.
230 Pazpar2 implements a simple but efficient HTTP server, and it is
231 designed to interact directly with scripting running in the browser
232 for the best possible performance, and to limit overhead when
233 several browser clients generate numerous webservice requests.
234 However, it is still desirable to use a conventional webserver,
235 such as Apache, to serve up graphics, HTML documents, and
236 server-side scripting. Because the security sandbox environment of
237 most browser-side programming environments only allows communication
238 with the server from which the enclosing HTML page or object
239 originated, pazpar2 is designed so that it can act as a transparent
240 proxy in front of an existing webserver (see <xref
241 linkend="pazpar2_conf"/> for details). In this mode, all regular
242 HTTP requests are transparently passed through to your webserver,
243 while pazpar2 only intercepts search-related webservice requests.
247 If you want to expose your combined service on port 80, you can
248 either run your regular webserver on a different port, a different
249 server, or a different IP address associated with the same server.
253 Sometimes, it may be necessary to implement functionality on your
254 regular webserver that makes use of search results, for example to
255 implement data import functionality, emailing results, history
256 lists, personal citation lists, interlibrary loan functionality
257 ,etc. Fortunately, it is simple to exchange information between
258 pazpar2, your browser scripting, and backend server-side scripting.
259 You can send a session ID and possibly a record ID from your browser
260 code to your server code, and from there use pazpar2s webservice API
261 to access result sets or individual records. You could even 'hide'
262 all of pazpar2s functionality between your own API implemented on
263 the server-side, and access that from the browser or elsewhere. The
264 possibilities are just about endless.
268 <section id="data_model">
269 <title>Your data model</title>
271 Pazpar2 does not have a preconceived model of what makes up a data
272 model. There are no assumption that records have specific fields or
273 that they are organized in any particular way. The only assumption
274 is that data comes packaged in a form that the software can work
275 with (presently, that means XML or MARC), and that you can provide
276 the necessary information to massage it into pazpar2's internal
281 Handling retrieval records in pazpar2 is a two-step process. First,
282 you decide which data elements of the source record you are
283 interested in, and you specify any desired massaging or combining of
284 elements using an XSLT stylesheet (MARC records are automatically
285 normalized to MARCXML before this step). If desired, you can run
286 multiple XSLT stylesheets in series to accomplish this, but the
287 output of the last one should be a representation of the record in a
288 schema that pazpar2 understands.
292 The intermediate, internal representation of the record looks like
295 <record xmlns="http://www.indexdata.com/pazpar2/1.0"
296 mergekey="title The Shining author King, Stephen">
298 <metadata type="title">The Shining</metadata>
300 <metadata type="author">King, Stephen</metadata>
302 <metadata type="kind">ebook</metadata>
304 <!-- ... and so on -->
308 As you can see, there isn't much to it. There are really only a few
309 important elements to this file.
313 Elements should belong to the namespace
314 http://www.indexdata.com/pazpar2/1.0. If the root node contains the
315 attribute 'mergekey', then every record that generates the same
316 merge key (normalized for case differences, white space, and
317 truncation) will be joined into a cluster. In other words, you
318 decide how records are merged. If you don't include a merge key,
319 records are never merged. The 'metadata' elements provide the meat
320 of the elements -- the content. the 'type' attribute is used to
321 match each element against processing rules that determine what
322 happens to the data element next.
326 The next processing step is the extraction of metadata from the
327 intermediate representation of the record. This is governed by the
328 'metadata' elements in the 'service' section of the configuration
329 file. See <xref linkend="config-server"/> for details. The metadata
330 in the retrieval record ultimately drives merging, sorting, ranking,
331 the extraction of browse facets, and display, all configurable.
335 <section id="client">
336 <title>Client development</title>
338 You can use pazpar2 from any environment that allows you to use
339 webservices. The initial goal of the software was to support
340 Ajax-based applications, but there literally are no limits to what
341 you can do. You can use pazpar2 from Javascript, Flash, Java, etc.,
342 on the browser side, and from any development environment on the
343 server side, and you can pass session tokens and record IDs freely
344 around between these environments to build sophisticated applications.
345 Use your imagination.
349 The webservice API of pazpar2 is described in detail in <xref
350 linkend="pazpar2_protocol"/>.
354 In brief, you use the 'init' command to create a session, a
355 temporary workspace which carries information about the current
356 search. You start a new search using the 'search' command. Once the
357 search has been started, you can follow its progress using the
358 'stat', 'bytarget', 'termlist', or 'show' commands. Detailed records
359 can be fetched using the 'record' command.
362 </chapter> <!-- Using pazpar2 -->
364 <reference id="reference">
365 <title>Reference</title>
368 The material in this chapter is drawn directly from the individual
375 <appendix id="license"><title>License</title>
377 <section id="gpl"><title>GPL</title>
381 Copyright © ©right-year; Index Data.
385 Pazpar2 is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under
386 the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free
387 Software Foundation; either version 2, or (at your option) any later
392 Pazpar2 is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
393 WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
394 FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
399 You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
400 along with Pazpar2; see the file LICENSE. If not, write to the
401 Free Software Foundation, 59 Temple Place - Suite 330, Boston, MA
406 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
409 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
410 59 Temple Place, Suite 330, Boston, MA 02111-1307 USA
411 Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
412 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
416 The licenses for most software are designed to take away your
417 freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public
418 License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free
419 software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This
420 General Public License applies to most of the Free Software
421 Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to
422 using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by
423 the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to
426 When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
427 price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
428 have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
429 this service if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it
430 if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it
431 in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.
433 To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid
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435 These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you
436 distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.
438 For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether
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440 you have. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the
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464 GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
465 TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION
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692 <!-- Keep this comment at the end of the file
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